A Dual-Hormone Multicontroller for Artificial Pancreas Systems
Title | A Dual-Hormone Multicontroller for Artificial Pancreas Systems |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2022 |
Authors | Fushimi E, De Battista H, Garelli F |
Journal | IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics |
Pagination | 1-8 |
ISSN | 2168-2208 |
Abstract | Artificial pancreas (AP) algorithms can be divided into single-hormone (SH) and dual-hormone (DH). SH algorithms regulate glycemia using insulin as their control input. On the other hand, DH algorithms also use glucagon to counteract insulin. While SH-AP systems are already commercially available, DH-AP systems are still in an earlier research phase. DH-AP systems have been questioned since the added complexity of glucagon infusion does not always guarantee hypoglycemia prevention and might significantly raise insulin delivery. In this work, a DH multicontroller is proposed based on a SH linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) algorithm with an additional LQG controller to deliver glucagon. This strategy has a switched structure that allows activating one of the following three controllers when necessary: a conservative insulin LQG controller to modulate basal delivery ($K_{1}$), an aggressive insulin LQG controller to counteract meals ($K_{2}$), or a glucagon LQG controller to avoid imminent hypoglycemia ($K_{3}$). Here, an in silico study of the benefits of incorporating controller $K_{3}$ is carried out. Intra-patient variability and mixed meals are considered. Results indicate that the proposed switched, dual-hormone strategy yields to a reduction in hypoglycemia without increasing hyperglycemia, with no significant rise in insulin delivery. |
DOI | 10.1109/JBHI.2022.3182581 |